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定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié)
總結(jié)是把一定階段內(nèi)的有關(guān)情況分析研究，做出有指導(dǎo)性結(jié)論的書(shū)面材料，它可以幫助我們有尋找學(xué)習(xí)和工作中的規(guī)律，因此好好準(zhǔn)備一份總結(jié)吧。我們?cè)撛趺磳?xiě)總結(jié)呢？下面是小編為大家收集的定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié)，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 1
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié)
定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可以修飾部分或整個(gè)句子。
被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why, how。
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)又可做定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱(chēng)上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。
定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ)，若指物，它還可以同of which互換).
例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) which, that 它們所代替的'先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等.
例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：
不用that的情況：
a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)
(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c) 多用who 的情況
①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行詞為those, people 時(shí)
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時(shí)
One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
⑤在被分隔的定語(yǔ)從句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時(shí)，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.
d)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開(kāi)始的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用that 以避免重復(fù)。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)
He is not the man that he used to be.
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用.
例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
Im surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意：
①在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
②含有介詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般不能拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?
名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級(jí) + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
as, which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的差別
由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
用法區(qū)別：
(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。
(3)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測(cè)、想象、預(yù)料等時(shí)。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和??一樣??。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 2
定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的`定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）
2） Whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 3
修飾名詞或者代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或者代詞叫先行詞；定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞叫關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞&關(guān)系副詞）；定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句（前有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that which who whom whose as
關(guān)系副詞有：when where why：
1. that 與which 在指代物時(shí)的用法區(qū)別
that 和which都可以引導(dǎo)先行詞為物的`定語(yǔ)從句，但是用法有區(qū)別：
① 只能用that的五種情況
a. 先行詞為不定代詞或先行詞由不定代詞修飾時(shí)
b. 先行詞前有最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
c. 先行詞即有人又有物時(shí)
d. 先行詞前有the very, the only修飾時(shí)
e. 主句為which,或who 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)
② 只能用which的兩種情況
a. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中
b. 介詞之后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)
2．which與as的區(qū)別
as 和which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，三種情況下只能用as，不能用which
a. as置于句首引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)（As we know,…）
b. as 含有“正如”之意（…as we expected）
c. 先行詞前有such, the same 修飾時(shí)（…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.）
3. who、whom、that 的區(qū)別
a.先行詞為those或people 時(shí)，常用關(guān)系代詞who,不用that
b.介詞之后用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
4. whose 用法
whose+n. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以換成是the+n.+of+which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或者可以換成是of which +the+n.
e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
whose hands / of which the hands
5. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
a. 介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只能用which（先行詞為物）或者是whom（先行詞為人）
b. 介詞的選擇方法有三個(gè)原則：一“先”二“動(dòng)”三“意義”
I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行詞為pen,使用鋼筆用with)
This is the house in which he lives. (定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞live為不及物動(dòng)詞)
The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根據(jù)句意決定)
6. 先行詞為way時(shí)
先行詞為way，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that，in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。
e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.
7. 關(guān)系副詞when、where、when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的具體用法
① 先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因時(shí)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，選擇相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。若其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則選擇關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。區(qū)別三組例句：
when my brother was a little boy.
b. I still remember the time
that/which we spent together.
why he was late.
c. This is the reason
that/which he gave us.
②某些非地點(diǎn)時(shí)間名詞有定語(yǔ)從句修飾，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，由where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句（stage, case, point, situation）；同樣用法的還有occasion,由when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.
There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want.
8. 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。
e.g. Anyone who wants to have a holiday puts up your hand.
Those who want to have a holiday put up your hand.
This is one of the students who have passed the exam.
This is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
9. 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和其他句型
①區(qū)別于簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句
It is in the classroom (where we have classes) that the meeting will be held.
(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the classroom)
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為介詞短句in the classroom)
③區(qū)別于同位語(yǔ)從句
that she had passed the exam （同位語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)名詞解釋說(shuō)明）
The news excited us.
that he told us （定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)名詞修飾限定）
④區(qū)別于狀語(yǔ)從句
Do you know the time when the class is over? (定語(yǔ)從句，有先行詞)
Let’s play games when the class is over.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)先行詞）
Put the book where it belongs. (地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)先行詞)
10. 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞不可省略。
This is the house which he lives in. (√)
This is the house he lives in. (√)
This is the house in which he lives. (√)
This is the house in he lives. (×)
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 4
一、省去作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞致錯(cuò)
誤：The changes have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.
正：The changes that have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.
誤：Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your names，please.
正：Those who want to visit the art exhibition sign your names，please.
分析：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省，但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省。
二、從句中使用多余的代詞或副詞致錯(cuò)
誤：The compositions we handed them in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.
正：The compositions we handed in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.
分析：從句中省去了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that或which，應(yīng)去掉them。
誤：After living in Paris for 60 years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child there.
正：After living in Paris for 60 years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
分析：關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，使用there屬語(yǔ)義重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。
三、as / it / which混用致錯(cuò)
誤：As is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.
正：It is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.或As is known to all，smoking does great harm to health.
分析：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，置于句首時(shí)，要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi);it放在句首，作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，將從句后置，中間不用逗號(hào)。
誤：Tom drinks a lot every day，as his wife doesn’t like at all.
正：Tom drinks a lot every day，which his wife doesn’t like at all.
分析：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句后，也可放在主句前和主句中，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句后。當(dāng)主句與從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，通常用as，反之則用which。
四、從句中誤用人稱(chēng)代詞或物主代詞致錯(cuò)
誤：China has hundreds of islands，the largest of them is Taiwan.
正：China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.或China has hundreds of islands，and the largest of them is Taiwan.
分析：人稱(chēng)代詞只能用在獨(dú)立的單句或分句中，不能用在定語(yǔ)從句中。
誤：The boss in her department Ms King worked looked down upon women.
正：The boss in whose department Ms King worked looked down upon women.
分析：物主代詞不能在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句中用whose作定語(yǔ)，修飾department。
五、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞混用致錯(cuò)
誤：I live in Hong Kong，where is the Special Administrative Zone.
正：I live in Hong Kong，which is the Special Administrative Zone.
誤：Is this museum the one when some German friends visited the other day?
正：Is this museum the one that some German friends visited the other day?
分析：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
六、用 ing結(jié)構(gòu)替換定語(yǔ)從句致錯(cuò)
誤：The girl bringing milk here every morning is from a mountain village.
正：The girl who brings milk here every morning is from a mountain village.
誤：The scholars returning from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.
正：The scholars who had returned from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.
分析：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的.動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作時(shí)，不宜用v.?鄄ing替換定語(yǔ)從句。
七、that與which混用致錯(cuò)
誤：The weather turned out to be very good，that was more than we expected.
正：The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we expected.
誤：The stories about the Second World War were written，of that this is one example.
正：The stories about the Second World War were written，of which this is one example.
分析：that和which使用情況有別，不可混淆。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中及介詞后要使用which。下列情況須用that：1.先行詞為something/anything/everything/nothing/all/much/little等;2.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾;3.先行詞被all/the/very/the only等修飾;4.先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
八、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)與先行詞不一致致錯(cuò)
誤：I，who is your close friend，will certainly help you when in trouble.
正：I，who am your close friend，will certainly help you when in trouble.
分析：定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。
誤：This is the only one of the tape?鄄recorders in the sound lab that don’t need repairing.
正：This is the only one of the tape?鄄recorders in the sound lab that doesn’t need repairing.
分析：one前有the only修飾，因此one為先行詞，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)does’t need。
九、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)分不清致錯(cuò)
誤：Abraham Lincoln who led the American people through these years was shot at a theatre in Washington，D. C.
正：Abraham Lincoln，who led the American people through these years，was shot at a theatre in Washington，D. C.
分析：限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限定的作用，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。當(dāng)先行詞為專(zhuān)有名詞或表示“唯一”事物時(shí)，要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
十、固定搭配不當(dāng)致錯(cuò)
誤：The house was sold at such a low price that people hadn’t expected.
正：The house was sold at such a low price as people hadn’t expected.
分析：先行詞前若有such/the same/as/so等詞修飾時(shí)，從句須用as引導(dǎo)。先行詞前若有形容詞比較級(jí)修飾時(shí)，從句一般用that引導(dǎo)。
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 5
考點(diǎn)：
定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，包括關(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom，whose。可以在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)成分，whose則充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。代人的有：who，whom，whose，that;代物的有：that，which，whose。另外還有關(guān)系副詞，包括when(指時(shí)間)，where(指地點(diǎn))，why(指原因)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。要注意的是，選擇關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞要看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么樣的成分。
限制性定從和非限制性定從，限制性定從修飾某個(gè)名詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)或者代詞，與先行詞之間不用，隔開(kāi)。但是非限制性定從不僅可以修飾某個(gè)名詞，還可以修飾整個(gè)句子，與先行詞之間常用，隔開(kāi)。而且非限制性定從不能用that引導(dǎo)。
as引導(dǎo)的非限定從和which引導(dǎo)的區(qū)別也是考點(diǎn)之一，which不能放在句首，但是as既可以放在句首，也可以放在中間的`。which引導(dǎo)的非限定從常翻譯成“這”，as引導(dǎo)的則常翻譯成“正如”
還有就是只能用that作為關(guān)系代詞的情況，這個(gè)情況挺多的，比如先行詞被only，very,序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級(jí)(等等，情況較多，需要平時(shí)多積累總結(jié))修飾時(shí)。
另外，介詞+關(guān)系代詞中考查介詞的選擇，應(yīng)該按照短語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣性搭配和先行詞來(lái)。
比如，Who is the girl with whom you just shook_hands?(shake hands with…是習(xí)慣性搭配)
而當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作為動(dòng)詞+介詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，短語(yǔ)不能拆開(kāi)。
比如， He is a kind of man whom you can safelydepend_on.
定語(yǔ)從句誤區(qū)提醒：
1)當(dāng)表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，要判斷出它們?cè)趶木渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)還是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞，反之用關(guān)系代詞。
典型例題：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
答案：A
解析：兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.
2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，不能用what
3)there be句型中，指人用who指物用that。
4)當(dāng)主句中缺少主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用the one。
5)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用whom或which
6)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時(shí)，注意判斷介詞與從句謂語(yǔ)是否有關(guān)系，以確定為定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 6
I. 定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分
例句
關(guān)系代 詞who人主語(yǔ)Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？whom， which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that
whom人賓語(yǔ)Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose人或物定語(yǔ)I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that人或物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as人或物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略
關(guān)系副 詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which
where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)This is the house where I was born.可用in which
why原因原因狀語(yǔ)I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which
II. that與which， who， whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說(shuō)明
例句
只用that的情況1.先行詞為all， everything， anything， nothing， little， much，等不定代詞時(shí)
2.先行詞被all， any， every， each， much， little， no， some， few等修飾時(shí)
3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)
5.先行詞被the only， the very修飾時(shí)
6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech？
只用which， who， whom的情況1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3.先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which， 先行詞為those， one， he時(shí)多用who。
1.He has a son， who has gone abroad for further study.
2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的區(qū)別
從句區(qū)別
限制性
定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有such和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as，不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性
定語(yǔ)從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。They won the game， as we had expected.
They won the game， which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known， he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和
the same ...thatthe same... as指同類(lèi)事物
the same ...that 指原物That’s the same tool as I used last week.(同類(lèi)工具，不是同一把)
That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用過(guò)的工具。
注意：the way 做先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可由that， in which 引導(dǎo)或不用引導(dǎo)詞。
IV.定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句(句型)的區(qū)別
類(lèi)別區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句與并列句：定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接，這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞了。 ①M(fèi)r Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer.
②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer.
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，①小題是定語(yǔ)從句，故填whom；
②小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞 them。
定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句的前面有名詞作先行詞，而狀語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有先行詞。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.
這是幾年前我們居住的地方。(定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the place)
Let’s go where we can find a better job.
我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)
定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面，而狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over？ 你知道下課的`時(shí)間嗎？(定語(yǔ)從句)
It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
=When the class was over， it was already five o’clock.
當(dāng)下課時(shí)己經(jīng)是5點(diǎn)了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
When， where和why在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換，在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不行。 This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked.
這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的那個(gè)工廠。(定語(yǔ)從句)
Put back the book where it was. 把書(shū)放回原處。(狀語(yǔ)從句)
定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)某種句子成分，因此去掉它則從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書(shū)。
(as用作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ)，它引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
它是一本如此有趣的書(shū)，我們大家都喜歡它。
(that不充當(dāng)句子成分，故它引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)乔懊婷~的具體內(nèi)容，與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.
她考試及格的消息使她父母親很高興。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
此句中的同位語(yǔ)從句 The news that she had passed the exam
可以改寫(xiě)成表語(yǔ)從句：The news is that he passed the exam.
The news that he told us interested all of us.
他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。(定語(yǔ)從句)
The news that he told us 是定語(yǔ)從句，此句不能改寫(xiě)為：The news is that he told us.
定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替 that。 ①I(mǎi)t is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport.
②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works.
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看：
①小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故填 that。
②小題則是定語(yǔ)從句，用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知the factory前差個(gè)介詞in，故填 where。
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 7
定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的.定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）
2） Whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié) 8
（一）定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)
1、關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用， 同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分，高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)四：定語(yǔ)從句。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)）
3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：
1）當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who 作主語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)；
2）當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which ，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；
3）先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that ，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；
4）whose用作定語(yǔ)，可指人或物；
5）關(guān)系副詞when（指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where（指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)），why（指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)）。
（二）限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語(yǔ)從句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，不能that用引導(dǎo)。
e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來(lái)翻譯）
（三）使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
1、that與which的區(qū)別。
1）用that而不用 which的情況：
①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …；
②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；
③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；
④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒(méi)有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過(guò)的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國(guó)人。
2）用which而不用 that的情況：①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；②代表整個(gè)主句的意思；③介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過(guò)的.房子。
3）as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法
①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車(chē)間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。
②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別
①當(dāng)主句和從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用as；反之，用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.
2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.
4. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用"介詞 + which"來(lái)代替，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法《高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)四：定語(yǔ)從句》。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.
5. 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開(kāi)。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語(yǔ)中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
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